Abstract: Pressure and temperature induced spin-state change in iron in lower mantle minerals is an unusual phenomenon with previously unknown consequences.  This class of materials has challenged condensed matter physicists for decades, and high pressure and temperature experiments have offered a wealth of new information about this class of materials problems, which include the insulator to metal transition in Mott systems. In this talk, I will discuss ab initio results and compare them to key experimental data, their implications for fundamental phenomena taking place at the atomic scale, their macroscopic manifestations, and potential geophysical consequences.

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